Rom9:19-24 Vessels of Mercy
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# Vessels of Mercy ## Romans 9:19-24 >>> + topical: common **question** among young people + whiff of deep **fragrance** in 1 passage + starting from **v11** + much more in all of **ch8-11** --- # Does God **predestine**
who is saved? >>> + if so, isn't that **unfair**? + **freedom** to make own choices? + if my **loved one** is unrepentant + isn't that all **God's fault**? + **attitude** to Scripture: + How do I **react** to hard passages ****** You will say to me then,
“Why does he still find **fault**?
For who can **resist** his will?” But who are **you**, O man,
to answer back to **God**? [Romans 9:19-20 (ESV) (p.1/4)](# "ref") ****** Will what is **molded** say to its molder,
“**Why** have you made me like this?” Has the **potter** no right over the clay,
to make out of the same lump
one **vessel** for **honorable** use
and another for dishonorable use? [Romans 9:20-21 (ESV) (p.2/4)](# "ref") ****** What if God, desiring to show his **wrath**
and to make known his **power**, has endured with much **patience**
**vessels of wrath** prepared for destruction, [Romans 9:22 (ESV) (p.3/4)](# "ref") ****** in order to make known
the riches of his glory for **vessels of mercy**,
which he has **prepared** beforehand for glory — even us whom he has **called**,
not from the Jews only
but also from the Gentiles? [Romans 9:23-24 (ESV) (p.4/4)](# "ref") --- ## Vessels of Mercy [(Rom9)](# "ref") 1. God's **Election**: *Jacob / Esau* [(v11-13)](# "ref") 1. God's **Justice**: *Pharaoh* [(v14-18)](# "ref") 1. God's **Mercy**: *Clay Pot* [(v19-24)](# "ref") >>> v11-24: 3 **questions**, 3 **examples** 1. **predestination**: does God pre-ordain our destiny? 1. **theodicy**: why does God allow evil? 1. **autonomy**: do I have freedom to make my own choices? --- Though they were **not yet born**
and had **done nothing** either good or bad, ... [Rebekah] was told,
“The **older** will serve the **younger**.” As it is written,
“Jacob I **loved**, but Esau I **hated**.” [Romans 9:11,13 (ESV)](# "ref") [
Jacob and Esau
, Phillip Medhurst Bible 131.
Kidderminster, England](# "caption") >>> + subseq **nations**: Israel vs Edom + but also as **indiv** (even fetuses!) + "hated": just "love **less**", skip over? + **opposition**, enemy, reject + **fair**? (theodicy, pt2) **justice** + assume bc indiv **choice** / action: + **blessed** ⇒ must've **done** sth? + **why** God mentioned this? **v12**: --- in order that God's **purpose of election**
might continue, not because of **works**
but because of him who **calls** [Romans 9:12 (ESV)](# "ref") >>> + work of **salvation** is done by **God** + "election": **call** out + God's **choice**, autonomy + God doesn't **have** to save **anyone**! + Eph uses term "predestination": --- He **chose** us in him before the **foundation** of the world, that we should be **holy** and **blameless** before him. In love he **predestined** us for **adoption** to himself as sons through Jesus Christ [Ephesians 1:4-5 (ESV)](# "ref") >>> + "predestined" (προορίσας): **horizon** + set boundary, demarcate + for **adoption**: emph **grace** + not: predestined to **choose** Him + so if I'm already **chosen**, + do **whatever** I want, since + his calling is **irrevocable**? --- **Cast away** from you all the **transgressions**
that you have committed,
and make yourselves a **new heart**
and a **new spirit**! **Why** will you die, O house of Israel?
For I have **no pleasure** in the death of anyone,
declares the Lord God; so **turn**, and **live**. [Ezekiel 18:31-32 (ESV)](# "ref") >>> + God **desires** that all may be saved + but we must **turn**: habits, **lifestyle** + **away** from sin + selfishness + **toward** God + **contradicts** predestination? --- ### Q: God **desires** all to be saved,
but **not** all will be. **Why**? + **Calvinism** (John Calvin, ~1550s) + (Reformed, most Baptist: e.g., [John Piper](http://www.desiringgod.org/articles/what-we-believe-about-the-five-points-of-calvinism)) + *Limited* **Atonement**: only for the elect + *Irresistable* **Grace**: sovereignty of God + **Arminianism** (Jacobus Arminius, ~1590s) + (Methodist, some Menno: e.g., [Keith Drury](http://www.crivoice.org/arminianism.html)) + *Resistable* **Grace** ("synergistic") + *Unlim* **Atonement**: eff. to all who believe >>> + debate ultimately mostly **semantic** --- ## The Bible is clear on: + God is sovereign in His **authority**: + "God's purpose of *election* ..." [(Rom 9:12)](# "ref") + God's **character** desires to show grace: + "No *pleasure* in death of any ..." [(Ez18:32)](# "ref") + Man must **respond**: repent + follow + "*Turn* and live!" [(Ez18:32, Rom 10:9-10)](# "ref") + ⇒ *urgency* of evangelism [(Rom 10:13-15)](# "ref") >>> + so do need to share **gospel** --- # **Why** has God shown **mercy**
to me? >>> + God loves me, **blessed** me: + I must have **done** sth right? + Nope! + before Jacob/Esau **did** anything --- ## Vessels of Mercy [(Rom9)](# "ref") 1. God's Election: Jacob / Esau [(v11-13)](# "ref") 1. **God's Justice**: *Pharaoh* [(v14-18)](# "ref") 1. God's Mercy: Clay Pot [(v19-24)](# "ref") >>> + so God **predestined** us + chose to **love** one and **hate** another + even before **birth** + does God look at **babies**: Y/N/Y/N? + ⇒ that doesn't sound **fair**? + that's what v14 asks: --- What shall we say then?
Is there **injustice** on God's part? [Romans 9:14 (ESV)](# "ref") >>> + **theodicy**: is God just? + why doesn't God just save **everyone**? + why allow **sin** / evil / suffering in the first place? --- ## Theodicy (Is God Just?) + Q [(Mackie)](# "ref"): If God is *omniscient*, *omnipotent*, and *omni-benevolent*, why is there **evil**? + **Man's disobedience** [(e.g., Augustine)](# "ref") + [(Plantinga)](# "ref"): free will defense + Omnipotent, need not make *contradictions* + Full *autonomy* ⇒⇐ God's *sovereignty* + **World is a school** [(e.g., Irenaeus, Origien)](# "ref") + Suffering necessary for human *growth* + [(Swinburne)](# "ref"): free will ⇒ *learn* from mistakes
but see, e.g.,
The Brothers Karamazov
[(Dostoyevsky)](# "ref")
>>> + Problem of Evil (Mackie, 1955) + **omnipotent**: doesn't mean He creates logical **contradictions** + stone too **heavy** for God to lift + **Irenaeus**: "there's always a **purpose**" + e.g., lost **keys** ⇒ found $100 + what about **cancer**? Holocaust? Malicious cruelty? + Ivan Karamazov: free will a **curse**, so hates God + Alyosha: **Christ** took curse for us + evil not a **tool** for good + Christ **died**: pay penalty + **conquered** sin + death + is it **unfair** that God saves one and not another? --- Certainly not! For He says to Moses, “I will have **mercy** on whomever I will have mercy, and I will have **compassion** on whomever I will have compassion.” So then it is not of him who **wills**, nor of him who **runs**, but of God who shows **mercy**. [Romans 9:15-16 (NKJV)](# "ref") >>> + we assume **most** people are good + and **deserve** to be saved + or maybe even **50/50** + but because of God's perfect **holiness** + and our utter **depravity**, + lust for **autonomy** from Him + ⇒ God's **justice** would be hell + that we **live** + breathe is His mercy + What He said to wicked **Pharaoh**: --- For by now I could have stretched out my hand
and [...] **wiped** you off the earth. But I have raised you up for this very **purpose**,
that I might show you my **power** and that
my **name** might be proclaimed in all the earth. You still **set yourself** against my people
and will not let them go. [Exodus 9:15-17 (NIV)](# "ref") [© 2005 @Hamish2k, CC-BY-SA 3.0](# "caption") >>> + why **10** plagues in Egypt? 1 enough? + just make Egyptians **friendly**? + or **eliminate** them altogether? + **God** allowed Pharaoh to rise to **power** + allowed him to **live** + **justice**: wipe off face of earth + note: Pharaoh **chose** to oppose God --- # Why does God allow **evil** to flourish? >>> + Why **harden** Pharaoh's heart? + Further reading: Hab, Job --- ## Vessels of Mercy [(Rom9)](# "ref") 1. God's Election: Jacob / Esau [(v11-13)](# "ref") 1. God's Justice: Pharaoh [(v14-18)](# "ref") 1. **God's Mercy**: *Clay Pot* [(v19-24)](# "ref") >>> + predestination: God **chose** us + not bc anything we've **done** + theodicy: **evil** exists bc **man's** sin + God's **just** wrath is + held back by His **mercy** + autonomy: **free**, make own choices? + what is **free will**? ⇒ v19: --- You will say to me then,
“Why does he still find **fault**?
For who can **resist** his will?” [Romans 9:19 (ESV)](# "ref") >>> + not the one who **wills** or **runs** + but God who shows **mercy** + so I have no **say**? + **autonomy** to direct own life? --- ## Self-*Actualisation*
vs. Self-*Governance* ![Maslow's Hierarchy](static/img/MaslowsHierarchyOfNeeds.svg) >>> + Maslow intended **self-actualisation**: + realising one's fullest **potential** + could be **externally** defined + Kant: autonomy as voluntary **submission** to objective moral law + but often **misinterpreted** as: + achieving my **dreams**, goals + **self**-defined (couch potato) + **auto-nomos**: self-law --- But who are **you**, O man,
to answer back to **God**? Will what is **molded** say to its molder,
“**Why** have you made me like this?” [Romans 9:20 (ESV)](# "ref") >>> + **no** autonomy to govern self + **Creator** defines potential to be actualized + in fact, because of **sin**, + **impossible** to be truly free: --- For when you were **slaves** of **sin**,
you were **free** in regard to **righteousness**. What **fruit** did you have then
in the things of which you are now **ashamed**?
For the end of those things is **death**. [Romans 6:20-21 (NKJV)](# "ref") >>> + not "free will" as choosing to lift a **pen** + "freedom" of choice of **rules** + which **religion** appeals to me + **autonomy** apart from God: free from + caring about His **righteousness** + ⇒ this is actually **slavery**! + not natur. **moral** / ethical / altruistic + but **selfish** / hedonistic / rebel + ⇒ result is self-**destructive** + this is **default** state of mankind: --- [God] has endured with much **patience**
**vessels of wrath** prepared for destruction, [Romans 9:22 (ESV)](# "ref") >>> + just as with **Pharaoh** + God could stretch His **hand** + **wipe** off the face of the earth + **ultimate** destination is still **perdition** + but God **withholds** for a time: why? --- in order to make known
the **riches** of his glory for **vessels of mercy**,
which he has **prepared** beforehand for glory [Romans 9:23 (ESV)](# "ref") >>> + to highlight that we are saved + not by our own **efforts** + not bc we are more **worthy** + only by His **mercy** + "vessel": bowl: **utility**, body, purpose + what is our **purpose**? + not: realize own **goals** + achievement, happiness + legacy, change world + but: demonstrate how **merciful** God is + **hero** of our story is God --- # Can I choose
my own **purpose** and **destiny**? >>> + Am I OK with that? + vessels of **mercy** + destiny: **chosen** by God before beginning of world + purpose: show how **merciful** God is --- What if God, desiring to show his **wrath**
and to make known his **power**, has endured with much **patience**
**vessels of wrath** prepared for destruction, [Romans 9:22 (ESV)](# "ref") --- in order to make known
the **riches** of his glory for **vessels of mercy**,
which he has **prepared** beforehand for glory -- even **us** whom he has **called**? [Romans 9:23-24 (ESV)](# "ref") ---